Beyond Prescription Pad Safeguarding Nutritional Health in Long-Term Medication use through Pharmacist-Led Intervention

Long-term use of prescription and over-the-counter medications can lead to both subclinical and clinically significant micronutrient deficiencies, often developing gradually over time. Despite the widespread use of medications, research on drug-nutrient interactions remains limited. This review explores the potential effects of commonly prescribed drugs on nutrient absorption, metabolism, and utilization. Medications such as proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), non- steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), metformin, diuretics, ACE inhibitors, and bronchodilators can contribute to deficiencies in essential vitamins and minerals, including B12, calcium, magnesium, and iron. Pharmacists play a crucial role in identifying these interactions, monitoring at-risk individuals, and providing guidance on supplementation and dietary adjustments to prevent deficiencies. For instance, patients using PPIs may require B12 and calcium supplementation, while NSAID users may need iron due to a higher risk of anaemia. Likewise, diuretics necessitate regular monitoring of potassium and magnesium levels, whereas ACE inhibitors may require monitoring of potassium and zinc. While routine supplementation is not generally recommended, pharmacists help ensure adequate nutrient intake through diet and targeted supplementation when necessary. This review highlights the essential role of pharmacists in optimizing drug therapy and maintaining nutritional balance, ultimately improving patient health by reducing drug-induced nutrient deficiencies.