Study on novel vaccines and adjuvants for rabbit infectious diseases

Epidemic diseases have seriously damaged the development of the global rabbit industry. Vaccination plays a vital role in improving the health and welfare of livestock and preventing animal-tohuman transmission, thereby constituting a major public health strategy. There is continued demand for effective and safe adjuvants capable of enhancing antigen-specific responses to a target pathogen of rabbits. Pathogens such as Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease Virus type 2 (RHDV2), Pasteurella multocida and Eimeria sp. coccidia are lethal and highly contagious for rabbits worldwide. Scientists have been working on screening for immunogenic proteins and designing adjuvant systems for safer and more effective vaccines against these highly prevalent pathogens. With the rapid development of genetic engineering technology and biotechnology, recombinant vaccines, genetic engineering vector vaccines, nucleic acid vaccines and other new vaccines have gradually been developed. Novel adjuvants such as new oil adjuvants, herbal medicine adjuvants, cytokine adjuvants, nano-adjuvants and polysaccharide adjuvants have been applied in the new vaccines to enhance their immunogenicity of new vaccines. Researchers are committed to developing new vaccines with broad spectrum and high efficiency. This review will briefly overview the current research on vaccines and adjuvants against viral, bacterial and parasitic pathogens prevalent in rabbits.