Radiated Free Convection of Dissipative and Chemically Reacting Flow Suspension of Ternary Nanoparticles

This study investigates magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) heat and mass transport in a water-based ternary hybrid nanofluid flowing past an exponentially accelerated vertical porous plate. Two critical scenarios are analyzed: (i) uniform heat flux with variable mass diffusion and (ii) varying heat source with constant species diffusion. The model integrates thermal radiation, heat sink/source, thermal diffusion, and chemical reaction effects to assess flow stability and thermal performance. Governing equations are non-dimensionalized and solved analytically using the Laplace transform method, with results validated against published data and finite difference method outcomes. Ternary hybrid nanofluids exhibit a significantly higher Nusselt number compared to hybrid and conventional nanofluids, demonstrating superior heat transfer capabilities. Magnetic field intensity reduces fluid velocity, while porosity enhances momentum transfer. Thermal radiation amplifies temperature profiles, critical for energy systems. Concentration boundary layer thickness decreases with higher chemical reaction rates, optimizing species diffusion. These findings contribute to the development of advanced thermal management systems, such as solar energy collectors and nuclear reactors, enhance energy-efficient industrial processes, and support biomedical technologies that require precise heat and mass control. This study positions ternary hybrid nanofluids as a transformative solution for optimizing high-performance thermal systems.