Soil Nutrient Dynamics under the Haritha Haram Ecosystem in Telangana State, India

Soil fertility plays a crucial role in sustaining ecosystem productivity and biodiversity. The “Telangana Ku Haritha Haram” afforestation program, initiated in 2015-16, aims to enhance green cover and improve soil health through large-scale tree planting. This study evaluates changes in soil nutrient dynamics across six Haritha Haram locations in Telangana between May 2023 and April 2024. Soil samples collected at a depth of 0-30 cm were analyzed for macronutrients (Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), Potassium (K), micronutrients (Iron (Fe), Copper (Cu), Manganese (Mn), Zinc (Zn), Boron (B), Molybdenum (Mo), and organic matter components (Humic Acid and Fulvic Acid) using standard analytical methods. A significant increase in available nitrogen (252 to 284 kg ha⁻¹), phosphorus (41.5 to 44.1 kg ha⁻¹), and potassium (385 to 402 kg ha⁻¹) was observed. Micronutrient concentrations also increased. Additionally, humic and fulvic acid contents exhibited a slight increase. These changes are attributed to continuous organic matter accumulation from leaf litter and microbial decomposition, leading to enhanced nutrient availability. The findings highlight the positive impact of afforestation on soil fertility and emphasize the role of organic inputs in sustainable nutrient management within afforested ecosystems.