Biomechanical Evaluation of Elliptical Leaf Spring Prosthetics for Unilateral Transtibial Amputees During Dynamic Activities

This study explores the biomechanical impact of an elliptical leaf spring (ELS) foot on individuals with unilateral below-knee amputation. The ELS-foot, constructed with carbon fiber leaf springs and an ethylene-vinyl acetate rocker bottom sole, aims to balance energy storge and dissipation for effective cushioning and energy management. Six participants were recruited and visited the laboratory twice within a 3-to-5-day interval. The ELS-foot is compared with their own prosthesis through various mobility and balance tests, including the Timed Up and Go test, Four Square Step Test, 10 m walk test, Berg Balance Test, eyes-closed standing test, Tandem Test, jumping and walking test, and a subjective evaluation. Passive-reflective markers are placed on the participants according to the plug-in full body model. An eight-camera motion capture system synced with two force plates mounted under a walkway is used for the gait analysis. The results show that participants move faster during the Four Square Step Test and demonstrate better balance during the eyes-closed standing test and Tandem Test and jump higher with the ELS-foot. The unique ELS-foot design mechanism and rocker bottom sole facilitates better energy transfer and stability, thus enhancing the postural stability. These findings offer valuable insights for future prosthetic technology advancements.