Decentralized governance and pandemic management in Thrissur district of Kerala, India

Purpose This study aims to examine how the decentralized governance structure in Kerala, southern India, was effectively utilized to manage the COVID-19 pandemic. Specifically, it focuses on the response activities of Elavally Panchayat, a rural local self-government recognized for its exemplary performance during the crisis. Design/methodology/approach An ex post facto analysis was conducted using qualitative data collected through interviews with panchayat officials, healthcare professionals and frontline workers. The study explores the strategies employed and the role of pre-existing governance frameworks in addressing the challenges posed by the pandemic. Findings The findings reveal a highly coordinated response leveraging the panchayat’s established governance systems. Key strategies included restructuring roles within the primary health centre to address healthcare demands, repurposing community spaces for quarantine and healthcare facilities and deploying rapid response teams for essential service delivery. Communication led by trusted local leaders ensured widespread adherence to health protocols and vaccination efforts. These measures highlight the critical role of decentralized governance in enabling rapid, context-specific public health responses. Originality/value This study provides unique insights into the effectiveness of local self-governments in crisis management. By showcasing Elavally Panchayat’s response, it underscores the potential of decentralized governance in developing resilient public health strategies, offering lessons for managing future crises.