TRANSFORMATION OF MIGRATION FLOWS AND DEMOGRAPHIC POTENTIAL OF UKRAINE UNDER CONDITIONS OF MARTIAL LAW

Objective. The objective of the article is to determine the impact of military actions on the population, migration flows, and labour potential of the national economy of Ukraine. Methods. In the research the following general scientific methods are applied: comparison, generalization, analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, series of dynamics, relative quantities, concretization, systematization, factor analysis. The results. The main trends of the impact of migration flows abroad from Ukraine due to a full-scale invasion on the demographic situation in the country are identified. The dynamics and structure of migration flows and the population of Ukraine are studied. The reasons for the low level of population are established and the main factors of influence are analyzed. Important state policy tasks and effective mechanisms for organizing return migration and overcoming the demographic crisis are identified. The authors determine that the top ten countries have accepted almost half of the refugees. These countries mainly border Ukraine or are located in the second row from the border. Almost a fifth of the population of Ukraine has been lost in three years. A comparison of the size of losses in the time interval shows that during a full-scale invasion, population losses due to migration occurred in the same volume as in all the years after Ukraine gained independence. The provided statistical data and the conducted analytical study indicate a catastrophic situation with the population in the country, a major demographic crisis. Measures to address this problem must be taken urgently, as this is a long-term process, and recovery will take years if effective strategies are implemented. Return migration is a resource for the development of the state and society. Moreover, its multiplier effect can be very high, and given that practically the own population, close in culture and mentality, is returning, integration requires significantly lower costs, the savings of which are relevant for Ukraine. Measures and programs are proposed to address the problem of population aging, loss of labour potential, and improvement of the demographic situation. Measures developed through foreign experience that should be borrowed for implementation in Ukraine are identified.