Developing a Self-Care Pattern of Heart Valve Replacement Patients: A Grounded Theory Study

Objectives: Heart valve replacement patients require lifelong adjustments in medication, diet, and lifestyle to maintain a stable clinical condition. This ongoing need for self-management necessitates effective self-care behaviors. This study aims to develop a comprehensive self-care pattern specifically tailored for heart valve replacement patients. Methodology: This qualitative grounded theory study was conducted in Iran, utilizing semi-structured interviews to gather data from January to April 2021. A total of 31 participants were included, comprising 13 heart valve replacement patients and 18 healthcare professionals involved in their treatment and care. Data analysis followed the grounded theory methodology of Strauss and Corbin, employing open, axial, and selective coding techniques. Results: A distinctive self-care pattern for heart valve replacement patients was established, centered around the core category of “Personal Health Promotion Activities.” Key components of this model include causal conditions such as “Self-Care Competence” and “Familiarity with Care Needs.” Contextual conditions identified were “Social Support” and “Educational Effectiveness,” while intervening conditions encompassed “Providing Care Strategies” and “Familiarity with Incidents.” The strategic elements of self-care involved “Prevention of Dangerous Situations,” “Adherence to Care Instructions,” and “Moderate Lifestyle.” The resulting consequences included “Self-Efficacy,” “Reduction of Medical Costs,” and “Achievement of Therapeutic Goals.” Conclusion: This study demonstrates that the phenomenon of self-care, framed as a personal health promotion activity, is influenced by a variety of factors. Strengthening these factors can enhance self-care practices among heart valve replacement patients, potentially mitigating surgical side effects and anticoagulant complications, ultimately leading to an improved quality of life.