Ergonomics and Musculoskeletal Disorders among Eye Care Professionals in South India: A Mixed-methods Study

Abstract Purpose: Limited research has explored the ergonomics and musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) among eye care professionals (ECPs) in South India. This study aims to understand this gap through in-depth interviews and rapid entire body assessment (REBA) observations. Methods: A mixed-methods study using semi-structured interviews and REBA was used to assess ergonomics and MSD risk among ECPs with over five years of experience in South Indian eye hospitals. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and thematically analysed. REBA scores were used to evaluate MSD risk levels. Results: Twenty participants (ten optometrists and ten ophthalmologists) were included, with 70% of optometrists and 50% of ophthalmologists female. General ophthalmologists comprised 60% of the participants, with 70% performing cataract surgeries. Six themes emerged: challenges in clinical practice, duration of work, adaptive strategies, recreational activities, discontinued activities, and suggestions for ergonomic improvements. REBA indicated a medium risk for MSDs among ECPs. Conclusion: Poor posture, particularly during slit lamp examinations, was frequently associated with MSD symptoms and impacted productivity. Participants noted that improving workplace ergonomics could help alleviate these issues and enhance long-term occupational health. Further research is recommended to assess MSD risks in specific ophthalmic sub-specialities, as different clinical tasks may pose varying degrees of ergonomic challenges.