OPTIMIZATION OF BUILDING FACADE GEOMETRY FOR RATIONAL USE OF ENERGY

Modern research emphasizes the need for an in-depth analysis of both numerical and experimental approaches to optimizing the shapes of building envelopes in order to improve their energy efficiency. The relevance of further research is explained by the complexity of numerical methods related to shape optimization aimed at this problem. This article seeks to fill the existing gaps in this area by creating and analyzing a suitable model. For this purpose, it is proposed to use a two-dimensional model of steady-state thermal conductivity, which describes the heat transfer processes in building facades of various configurations. At the outer boundary, the Neuman boundary condition (of the second kind) is introduced, considering the effect of incident short-wave solar radiation. Calculation of the latter includes factors such as illumination and shading of the wall surface, which are due to the surrounding urban environment. To numerically solve the problem while maintaining good precision, the boundary element method (BEM) is used, including discretization of the boundary of the study area into individual elements. During the study, two key optimization problems are defined: improving heat transfer and ensuring thermal insulation. Optimal façade shapes are designed with the constraint of the volume of material used not exceeding the volume required for a flat reference facade. The results obtained demonstrate a significant improvement in energy effectiveness of 13% in summer and 100% in winter compared to the flat wall facade option.