Scouring Through the Crowd Simulation Dynamics in Urban Environments

In recent years, crowd simulation has gained increasing attention due to its vast potential, especially in architecture, urban planning, and disaster management fields. This involves creating computer-generated models that simulate large groups' movement and behavior. Many simulation approaches, such as microscopic, macroscopic, and mesoscopic models, can be used, each with its advantages and disadvantages. Analyzing the types and categories of crowd simulations provides insight into the evolution of technology. Several studies dealing with urban planning implications were examined to analyze each pedestrian flow model and to synthesize their strengths, weaknesses, and ethical considerations. This review serves as a resource for urban development professionals, AI simulation specialists, and researchers working at the intersection of crowd dynamics and city planning. Overall, this article presents a systematic analysis of crowd simulation literature, elucidating current limitations, future trajectories and research opportunities for enhanced efficiency and realism.