Numerical Design and Experimental Verification of a Novel Cavitation Device Based on Venturi Effect in Fluid Mechanics

As a complex hydrodynamic phenomenon, cavitation has always been a focus of attention due to its harmful effects. However, it is important to note that the collapse of cavitation bubbles produces instantaneous high temperatures and pressures as well as high-speed jet phenomena, which means this process contains tremendous energy. This energy can not only enhance physical and chemical processes but also achieve the goals of energy conservation and efficiency improvement. Currently, there have been no breakthroughs in effectively generating cavitation, adopting highly efficient cavitation devices, or accurately quantifying and analyzing the effects of cavitation. Therefore, research on the evolution process of cavitation and the factors influencing its effects is significant. In recent years, cavitation technology has developed rapidly in the field of wastewater degradation. To improve the efficiency of cavitation degradation, based on the theory of the Venturi effect in fluid mechanics, this project proposes a novel cavitation generator using a narrow slit type Venturi tube through a combination of motion equations and computational simulation. This design aims to increase shear area and enhance the yield of cavitation bubbles. A low-cost, low-energy consumption new cavitation device was optimized and manufactured based on numerical simulation. The new cavitation generator was used to explore the influence of different throat geometric characteristics and expansion angles on cavitation capability. Firstly, the continuity equation and momentum equation were derived based on Rayleigh's cavitation theory and the Venturi effect in fluid mechanics; secondly, a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) grid was established and finite element simulation calculations were conducted for the structural optimization design of the new cavitation device; finally, by combining fluid mechanics theoretical formulas and numerical simulation, a low-cost, low-energy consumption new cavitation device was manufactured, and experimental analysis was conducted to study the influence of different throat geometric characteristics and expansion angles on cavitation capability.