Trends in Aviation Medical Examinations, Disqualification Rates, and Health-Related Behaviors among South Korean Pilots (2000-2024)

Purpose: Over the past 25 years, aviation medical examinations have become essential for pilot health and safety, paralleling industry advancements. As the number of new and aging pilots increases, the demand for systematic health assessments has also grown. However, comprehensive analyses of pilots’ health behaviors and qualifications, particularly their lifestyle habits, remain scarce. Methods: This study analyzed data from the Airmen Medical Certificate Management System (2000–2024), covering age, sex, license type, affiliation, diagnoses, and screening outcomes. Results: Aviation medical examinations increased from 2,366 in 2000 to over 10,000 by 2016, peaking at 14,652 in 2019. Disqualification rates rose from 0.2%–0.4% to 0.5%–1.0% post-2016. Commercial pilot certificates issuance surged over threefold since 2011, peaking at 1,688 in 2019. Male’s disqualification rates remained around 1%, while female’s rates increased to over 3% by 2023. The highest disqualification rate was in the 50–59 age group (0.48%). Obesity rates increased (33% to 39%), smoking rates remained stable (20%), and alcohol consumption stayed high (around 60%). Conclusion: The study highlights the growing demand for aviation medical examinations and rising disqualification rates, particularly among older pilots and female. Targeted health management strategies addressing obesity, smoking, and alcohol consumption are essential to maintain the health and safety of aviation professionals and ensure industry growth and safety.