Improved Recognition of the Nutrition and Health Benefits of Nuts and Seeds Within the Health Star Rating System

<b>Background:</b> The health benefits associated with the consumption of nuts and seeds are well established, yet this food group is known to be the furthest from the recommended intake; therefore, actions aiming to increase nut intake are needed. The main front-of-pack communication device in Australia, the Health Star Rating (HSR), inadvertently penalises nuts with negative points associated with energy and saturated fat content. <b>Methods:</b> This study aims to suggest options to policy makers by (i) examining how the HSR rates a sample of 82 nuts, seeds and products containing them and (ii) testing three sets of moderate adjustments of the HSR algorithm on the sampled products: discounting the energy from nuts and seeds (S1), discounting the saturated fat from nuts and seeds (S2) and applying an adapted algorithm based on that for 'oils and spreads' for foods with ≥50% nuts and seeds (S3). <b>Results:</b> All three scenarios improved the Spearman correlation between the HSR score and the nut and seed content (-0.80, -0.75 and -0.71 for S1, S2 and S3, respectively) compared to the original HSR (-0.66). Products with more than 50% of their weight being nuts and seeds benefited much more from these adjustments than those below 50%. For all scenarios, but most clearly for S3, the products that had a lower HSR score than the original HSR (the healthier products) benefited more from the changes brought about by the adjusted algorithms than those of lower nutritional quality. The HSR of foods that contained no nuts or seeds remained unchanged. <b>Conclusions:</b> With minor changes to the HSR algorithm, nut and seed products could be brought into alignment with the current evidence, encouraging their regular inclusion in dietary patterns, which could help guide consumers at the supermarket shelf.