Strategy coordination of multi-oligopoly shared car operation dynamic complexity game based on multi-factor disturbance

Purpose This study aimed to elucidate the intersection between the operational intricacies of shared vehicle systems and governmental policies aimed at carbon emission reduction, particularly within “Double Control” frameworks. Design/methodology/approach Employing a sophisticated Stackelberg model, we examined short-term dynamics among competing oligopolistic shared vehicle providers engaged in collaborative technological ventures. Additionally, we construct a long-term repeated game theoretical framework to examine critical parameters’ influence on strategic decision-making, profitability, system stability and operator complexity, which are validated through numerical simulations. Both external force feedback control and parameter control methods are employed to restore systemic stability from chaos. Findings This paper finds that heightened consumer awareness of energy efficiency substantially drives shared vehicle market expansion. Long-term observations suggest that frequent, excessive price adjustments by shared electric vehicle (SEV) operators may destabilize the market and diminish profits. Conversely, increasing technology adjustment coefficients among emerging SEV operators could overly complicate decision-making processes. We conclude that both external force feedback control and parameter control methods effectively restore stability in tumultuous markets. Research limitations/implications The limitations of this research might include the reliance on theoretical models (Stackelberg and game theory) which may not fully capture real-world complexities. Additionally, numerical simulations are used to validate findings, which might limit applicability in different or evolving market conditions. The implications suggest that managing technology and price adjustments is crucial for maintaining market stability and profitability. Practical implications This study offers actionable insights for shared vehicle operators, suggesting that maintaining balanced technology upgrades and pricing strategies are crucial for market stability and profitability. It emphasizes the importance of adapting to consumer preferences for energy efficiency, which could lead to increased market share and consumer loyalty. The application of external force feedback control and parameter control methods can help stabilize a chaotic market, making these strategies vital for long-term success. Social implications In the realm of shared vehicle systems, societal challenges such as limited parking infrastructure, battery longevity and fiscal constraints on technological upgrades are pivotal. Addressing how shared vehicle operators can navigate multiple factors to make optimal decisions for profitability and market stability holds significant research importance. Originality/value The research introduces original models—Stackelberg and repeated game theoretical frameworks—to the study of shared vehicle systems, uniquely combining short-term competitive dynamics and long-term strategic considerations. It provides a novel examination of how technological advancements and strategic management can influence market dynamics and environmental goals, offering valuable insights for policymakers and industry leaders in shaping future transportation infrastructure.