The Codex 4D project: a novel method for the virtual exploration of ancient books

In this paper, an innovative method for the digital representation of ancient books is proposed. Specifically, this approach consists of the reconstruction of the three-dimensional geometry of the codex through images obtained from different viewpoints, using Structure from Motion techniques. In addition, both reflectograms in the midwave infrared spectral range and thermograms, recorded by pulse thermography, have been adopted since they enable a depth-resolved characterization of the book. The final result is a 4D digital model of the codex, which allows both the visualization of the geometry of the book and the stratigraphic exploration of the features buried beneath the surface. Data obtained from humanistic studies and diagnostic survey have been also mapped onto this model in the form of semantic annotations. Finally, several outputs were developed, including a 3DWeb platform and a holographic showcase designed for museums, with the goal of creating an interdisciplinary experience with the ancient codex.