Universal and Specific Division of a Fragment of the Linguistic Worldview in Russian, Buryat, Tatar, Yakut, Mongolian, Evenk Linguistic Cultures

The article is devoted to the study of the vocabulary of nature, namely the names of mushrooms, in the cognitive aspect on the material of six languages of the Baikal region: Russian, Buryat, Tatar, Yakut, Mongolian, Evenki. As a result of the analysis, it was found that between the members of the category “mushrooms” a greater number of distinctive cognitive features are distinguished by native speakers of Russian. In the Russian language, the number of categories of mushrooms is significantly greater than in other languages, these categories are smaller and more detailed. This fact allows us to assert that mushrooms occupy the most important place in the everyday life of a Russian person, while in the life of other residents of the Baikal region they play a less significant role.