Determinants of Smallholder Farmers’ Participation in Goat Production and Its Constraints in North Wollo Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia

Although goat production plays a significant role in the livelihoods of smallholder farmers in Habru district, its potential to significantly improve rural livelihoods remains untapped. This study aimed to analyze factors that influence goat production participation and its constraints in Habru district, North Wollo Zone, Ethiopia. The study employed a multi-stage sampling technique to select 343 households (210 participants and 133 non-participants) from three rural kebeles of Habru district. Data was collected through a semi-structured questionnaire, key informant interviews, and focus group discussions. A double hurdle model was used to analyze the factors influencing both the decision to participate and the intensity of participation in goat production. The qualitative analysis revealed that income generation was the primary motive for goat keeping, cited by 59.25% of respondents, followed by meat consumption (16.7%) and savings/asset holding (10%). The study identified feed shortages, diseases, and drought as the most pressing challenges facing goat production, respectively. The econometric analysis, using a double hurdle model, revealed that male-headed households, larger family size, higher education levels, frequent extension contact, and smaller landholdings positively influenced the decision to participate in goat production. Furthermore, younger age, smaller landholdings, larger family size, higher education levels, frequent extension contact, and more farming experience were associated with larger herd sizes among participating farmers. The study recommends improving veterinary services, promoting disease prevention, providing farmer training, and sharing of experience. Furthermore, ensuring feed availability through fodder cultivation and alternative feed sources is crucial for sustainable goat production and improved rural livelihoods.