In Vitro Evaluation of Soursop Leaf (Annona muricata L) Ethanol Extract against Development and Proliferation of 4T1 Breast Cancer Cell

Breast cancer, the most prevalent cancer among women, is on the rise, with many cases being diagnosed at advanced stages with metastasis. Traditional treatments, such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation, are associated with significant side effects, leading many patients to seek alternative treatments using natural ingredients. Soursop leaves contain annonaceous acetogenin, which are compounds reported to inhibit cancer cell growth and development. While previous studies have demonstrated their potential as an anticancer agent, their role in metastasis remains unclear. This study aims to examine the effects of ethanol extract from soursop leaves on breast cancer metastasis using molecular biomarkers including MMP-9, VEGF, HIF-1 expression, and angiogenesis. Soursop leaves were extracted with 96% ethanol and tested on 4T1 breast cancer cells using the MTT assay. The results showed an IC50 value of 117.87 µg/ml, with VEGF and HIF-1 levels decreasing at higher extract concentrations (R² = 0.834). This study concluded that ethanol extract from soursop leaves effectively reduces 4T1 breast cancer cell viability and acts as an antioxidant. These findings support the potential of soursop leaves as a beneficial alternative treatment for managing breast cancer.