Changes in the Oral Environment according to Consumption of Some Zero-sugar Carbonated Beverages

Objective: This study aimed to compare regular carbonated beverages with zero-sugar carbonated beverages and analyze the changes in oral pH and residual glucose concentration after consumption to determine whether zero-sugar carbonated beverages contribute to tooth erosion. Methods: The pH and titratable acidity of Pepsi and Zero Pepsi were measured. Changes in oral pH and residual glucose levels were measured after consumption of each beverage in a crossover study involving 13 participants. Results: The pH of Pepsi was 2.62±0.01 and the pH of Zero Pepsi was 3.34±0.03. Zero Pepsi did not induce changes in oral pH, but Pepsi caused a rapid decrease in oral pH immediately after consumption, with recovery occurring after 20 min (P<0.05). The oral glucose retention test indicated that Zero Pepsi did not alter residual glucose before and after consumption, but Pepsi rapidly increased the residual glucose immediately after consumption with recovery occurring after 12 min (P<0.05). Conclusions: Although the risk of tooth erosion from Zero Pepsi is low, caution is needed due to its low pH and titratable acidity. Excessive or long-term consumption may still contribute to tooth erosion.