Redefining Multicultural Terminology in Korea and the Paradigm of Coexistence Diversity

In the 21st century, South Korean society is facing a critical challenge in redefining its social identity amid complex transformations, including ultra-low birth rates, rapid population decline, an increase in immigrants, digital transformation, and the adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies. In particular, demographic shifts—marked by a declining birth rate and an increasing immigrant population—underscore the urgent need for South Korea to establish a multicultural coexistence model. However, existing multicultural terminology and policies, such as multicultural families and multicultural students, maintain a frame centered on specific groups, which has historically functioned not to foster social integration, but rather to reinforce distinctions and stigmatization. This study analyzes the issues inherent in South Korea’s multicultural terminology by drawing on the philosophical discussions of Foucault, Baudrillard, Derrida, Geertz and Said. Furthermore, it examines multicultural policies in the United States, France, and Canada to propose the concept of Coexistence Diversity. This study also emphasizes the necessity of expanding the concept of multiculturalism in response to changes in the educational environment, including digital ethics and the adoption of AI-driven textbooks. Beyond existing multicultural policies, South Korea must move towards reconstructing its future social identity. This study presents the concept of a new social identity co-formed by both immigrants and native citizens. Ultimately, the Coexistence Diversity model is considered essential for South Korea’s multicultural policies and education as a new paradigm for social integration.