Integración del pensamiento crítico y la toma de decisiones en la formación empresarial

This article analyzes the integration of critical thinking and decision-making in business studies at the University of Manresa, focusing on the experiences of Higher Vocational Training Programs in Business. Based on a comprehensive literature review, it explores how the use of academic debates, grounded in nine theoretical models, and the implementation of practical simulations can enhance students' cognitive skills and decision-making abilities. Debates are presented as a fundamental tool for promoting critical analysis through guided readings, while simulations allow students to contextualize business decisions in changing and complex environments. Through practical case studies applied during academic sessions, the effects of these methodologies are measured in the development of specific skills such as problem-solving, creativity, and ethical decision-making. The results obtained demonstrate that the combination of both pedagogical strategies fosters deeper and more meaningful learning, preparing students for highly dynamic and uncertain professional environments.