Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Utilizing Eriobotrya japonica L. Seed Extract and Evaluation of their Antibacterial Activity

Abstract Background: Silver nitrate AgNPs nanoparticles have garnered significant attention for their unique antibacterial properties, making them a valuable addition to the medical field. Extracellular biosynthesis of AgNPs was performed by employing an aqueous extract of Eriobotrya japonica seeds to reduce silver nitrate ions in a short period. Objectives: We aimed to prepare AgNPs from the aqueous extract of fruit seeds and detect its antibacterial effect. Materials and Methods: AgNP formation was attested by altering the color of the plant extracts’ single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to coffee and several spectroscopic and microscopic analyses. The AgNP formation was also confirmed by spectroscopy. These silver nanoparticles of plant origin were tested for antibacterial activities using the disk-diffusion method, with three concentrations of 50, 100, 150 mg/mL, using Klebsiella , Escherichia coli , and Streptococcus mutans . Results: The inhibitory antimicrobial property of silver nanoparticles was assessed by measuring the area of inhibition. Dishes treated with silver nanoparticles made from extracts of E. japonica seeds encountered toxicity. It yielded the highest inhibition diameters at a concentration of 150 mg/mL toward E. coli and Klebsiella , which were 20 mm, whereas the growth of S. mutans was 15 mm. The antibacterial activity of silver was magnified by SNPs synthesized from the seed extract compared with that of anti-penicillin; the results suggested that AgNPs may have a good antibacterial advantage over conventional antibiotics. Conclusion: Antibacterial research on the E. japonica seed extract shows its potential as a natural antimicrobial. The study indicated that higher seed extract concentrations are more effective in limiting bacterial growth. The extract showed broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against Klebsiella , E. coli , and S. mutans , suggesting that E. japonica may be a good alternative or supplement to antibiotics. These findings suggest that E. japonica seed extract can be used to create novel antibacterial medicines, especially given the issue of antibiotic resistance. The study also shows that addition of natural ingredients can promote synthesis of physiologically active nanoparticles.