Thermochemical Characterization and Pyrolysis of Fish Processing Waste to Bioenergy, including the synthesis of biohydrogen

The fish processing produces a large amount of fish waste, which is hazardous for landfill disposal and environmental sustainability. In this research, the fish waste from Caranx ignobilis (locally known as Putih) was characterized and pyrolyzed to manage the waste and convert it into valuable products for bioenergy. Analysis of the fish oil and the pyrolysis biochar were done including GC/MS analysis, SEM analysis, moisture content, and calorific value. The lower moisture content (6.54%) and the higher calorific value (20.79 MJ/kg) of this fish waste is an effective indication for biofuel production. The pyrolysis yield of bio-oil, biochar, and syngas are in the range of 33.80-46.12%, 20.40-43.76%, and 17.76-44.05% respectively. The production of molecular hydrogen from synthesis gas is achieved by converting carbon monoxide with water vapor (water shift reaction), which produces hydrogen and carbon dioxide. The pH of the bio-oil obtained at temperature 400[[EQUATION]], 500[[EQUATION]], and 600[[EQUATION]] are 9.3, 9.0 and 9.3 respectively. The higher number of aromatic compounds was achieved for the bio-oil in 500 [[EQUATION]] temperature. SEM analysis shows that the biochar obtained from fish waste pyrolysis could also be effective for various environmental applications.