Urban identity in Da Lat: An inquiry into how the city is perceived?

The concept of urban identity remains a subject of debate among scholars and across various scientific disciplines. Researchers have explored urban identity through multiple approaches, including the visual perception theory of imageability, pattern language theory, and psychological theories. Meanwhile, social identity theory, self-categorization theory, and identity process theory have provided a foundation for constructing a comprehensive conceptual framework for urban identity. Unlike prior research, this study integrates urban identity, social identity theory, and identity process theory, bridging tangible and intangible aspects of urban space. It refines a conceptual framework of urban identity by identifying key contributing factors and assessing their impact based on residents’ perceptions. Additionally, it supports Da Lat’s urban identity preservation amid urbanization, aiding urban planning, management, and heritage conservation. This research is grounded in environment–behavior studies, providing a platform to explore urban identity in social, personal, and temporal dimensions based on urban dwellers’ perceptions. Using a mixed-methods approach, including Group Focused Discussions, In-depth Interviews, and Questionnaires, the study identifies six dimensions of urban identity, further categorized into 17 conceptual groups. Additionally, it defines 19 main categories comprising 93 specific elements, offering a scientific foundation for theoretical urban identity structures in Da Lat and guiding its urban planning and development.