A morphological catalogue of nova remnants

ABSTRACT This work presents the first optical imaging catalogue of resolved galactic nova remnants. It compiles images from proprietary observations carried out at the Nordic Optical Telescope and public archives using different telescopes and instruments. The catalogue includes images spanning from 1950 to 2024 of 66 novae out of the more than 550 novae detected to date. Diffuse emission from a nova shell is detected in 45 sources, with another 16 sources been stellar and five more been barely resolved. We used the catalogue to introduce a main morphological classification of the nova remnants (R – round, E – elliptical, B – bipolar, A – asymmetric, I – irregular, S – stellar, and G – barely resolved) with secondary features (s – smooth, c – clumpy, m – mixed, f – filaments, t – tails, m – multiple shells, e – equatorial brightness enhancement). Resolved nova remnants are mostly round (27 per cent) or elliptical (56 per cent), with very few bipolar or with equatorial brightness enhancement (13 per cent). Most nova remnants are younger than 150 yr, with about 80 per cent of nova remnant detection rate among those younger than 60 yr. The physical size of nova remnants increases with age at a rate of 0.0725 pc per century up to a median value of 0.03 pc. This relationship seems to apply even to the few known ancient nova shells with ages up to a few millennia. The aspect ratio of nova remnants can be described by a Gaussian distribution with a standard deviation $\sigma$ of 0.18 from round morphologies (major to minor axes ratio of unity).