A numerical methodology for design of a living breakwater for coastal resilience under critical wave conditions

Living breakwaters offer a novel approach to coastal protection, combining wave attenuation with CO2 sequestration and the cultivation of biomass. The present study explores the development of a numerical methodology for design of a living breakwater for the Portuguese coast. The proposed concept utilizes a modular, component-based system composed of eco-friendly materials, with emphasis on their biodegradable nature. The methodology is based on the development of a Finite Element model for the analysis of the living breakwater’s response under the extreme wave conditions of the harsh ocean environment. A sensitivity analysis is performed to address the critical design issues related to the dimensioning of the living breakwater and selection of appropriate materials, leading to the optimal design configuration of the living breakwater. Furthermore, a fatigue life analysis is conducted on the identified critical component to assess the long-term durability of the developed concept. The presently developed approach showcases the integration of hydrodynamic analysis, structural analysis and fatigue life prediction in a comprehensive tool for design of nature-based solutions. The results of the present study demonstrate the capabilities of the developed numerical methodology for the design and optimization of living breakwaters and similar offshore structures.