CXCR1-dependent Innate Immunity for Bacterial Clearance in Iraqi Women with Urinary Tract Infections

Dear Editor, The medical appearances and significance of infectious diseases vary noticeably among persons. Globally, urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the most common adult bacterial infection. The exact etiology behind UTI remains under debate. A repeated UTI is commonly demarcated as an extra two incidents of simple UTI in the last 6 months or an extra three in the last 12 months, recognized by culture. Escherichia coli is the main uropathogen in charge of together random and persistent UTIs, seen in 70%–95% of cases.[1] Furthermore, contributory organisms include Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Proteus mirabilis.[2] Innate immunity of C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 1 (CXCR1) gene polymorphism is a substantial essential substitute a vital portion in the advancement of UTI. The personality’s response to UTI is varying and the susceptibility to the infection is inherited.[3] The goal of this work was to describe whether communication occurs between CXCR1 gene polymorphism and urinary infection susceptibility and bacterial clearance among Iraqi women. In this case–control study, 120 subjects enrolled at the rate of a 1:1 ratio. A total of 60 women patients who suffered from UTI were diagnosed in the outpatient clinic of urology in Al-Hilla General Teaching Hospital for the period from May 2019 to March 2020. We performed a cross-sectional study to scrutinize whether applicant gene polymorphisms are accompanied by UTI women. About 60 apparently healthy individuals were included as a control and were intentionally matched with patients regarding age, gender, and geographical area. For genomic deoxyribonucleic acid analysis, genotypes were detected by restriction fragment length polymorphism-sequence specific primer technique using specific primer sequences,[4] as follows: F: 5′-CCCAGGTGATCCAGGAGAG-3′, F: 5′-CCCAGGTGATCCAGGAGAC-3′ R: 5′-TCAGAGGGTTGGAAGAGACATT-3′. Product size (bp): 205. For statistical analysis, the differences in allele and genotype distribution between patients and controls were made fit to Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium and then examined by Fisher’s exact test. A case–control study design was used to examine whether candidate gene polymorphisms of interleukin-8 (IL-8) gene receptor (CXCR12608 G⁄C) were associated with UTI among Iraqi women. Results in Tables 1 and 2 exhibited that analysis of the studied polymorphism exposed significantly amplified occurrence of the sporadic C allele in patients with UTI paralleled with the healthy controls (P = 0.0241). Consequently, the GC genotype was concomitant with a considerably amplified threat of evolving UTI among women in the study (P = 0.0185).Table 1: Allelic frequencies of C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 1 (CXCR1) polymorphism in patients with urinary tract infection (UTI) and controlsTable 2: Genotype frequencies of C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 1 (CXCR1) polymorphism in patients with urinary tract infection (UTI) and controlsGenetic variation impacts infection susceptibility in enormous sums of patients, which is becoming obvious. The categorization of genes controlling susceptibility and associated deficiencies in particular innate immunity is constructed probably to differentiate individuals who are predisposed to dangerous infections and chronic consequences from the population with sporadic incidents.[2,5] For unidentified causes, UTIs are gathered in definite persons. Acute pyelonephritis is extra predominant in female relatives with recurrent UTIs, which submits a familial hereditary predilection to UTI. In the existing study we initiate that the GC genotype was concomitant with a considerably amplified risk of evolving UTI among women particularly in patients with persistent UTI than in control groups [Table 2]. The inter-individual inconsistency in cellular response may be in charge of inconstant clinical consequences and might elucidate why some definite individuals are vulnerable to recurring infections.[3,6] Our results about the role of genetic variants of the innate immune system in the clearance of uropathogens came in harmony with other authors who proposed that genetic factors are linked to initial innate immune responses before the development of recurrent UTIs. They also examined whether innate immune system single nucleotide polymorphisms were concomitant with serum IL-8 levels in women with UTI, outcomes were linked to C-X-C motif ligand 8 (CXCL-8) concentration in women with UTIs from all uropathogens.[7,8] The genetic context of predisposition to UTI is not abundantly understood, but it is a vital area of research. The pathophysiological aspect of predisposition to frequent UTIs requests to be entirely illuminated, and because of that several issues, such as gene–gene and gene–environmental borders, could be elaborated. Furthermore, research in this field could be helpful and recommended to prompt the characterization of women who are prone to recurrent UTIs. Financial support and sponsorship Nil. Conflicts of interest There are no conflicts of interest.