Legal foundations for the development of tourism in Kazakhstan in national and international dimensions

The article examines Kazakhstan's legal framework for tourism at the national and international levels, highlighting legislative shortcomings and proposing reforms to enhance regulatory effectiveness. The topic's relevance stems from strategic role of tourism in Kazakhstan's economic growth in the context of global integration and legislative modernization. The study analyzes key legal documents, including the Constitution, the Law on Tourism Activities, and related regulations shaping the industry's legal environment. Government policy prioritizes infrastructure development, industry competitiveness, and legal alignment with global standards. Identified challenges include regulatory fragmentation, weak implementation of international norms, and inconsistencies in law enforcement. Key issues involve traveler protection, online tourism regulations, and the lack of standardized hotel classification. Various regulatory models – market-driven, state-controlled, and hybrid are analyzed. The authors emphasize the need for comprehensive legal modernization, harmonization with international standards, and improved business and investment conditions. The research offers practical value by providing insights for enhancing Kazakhstan's tourism legislation in line with global best practices and industry needs.