Technological Innovation in Pencak Silat Training as a Component of Indonesian Cultural Heritage: A Systematic Literature Review

Background. Examining technology integration in Pencak Silat training is considered as an essential aspect, focusing on its potential to enhance physical, technical, and mental performance while preserving its cultural and philosophical values. Objectives. The study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of augmented reality (AR), virtual reality (VR), and sensor-based systems in improving skill acquisition, performance monitoring, and training customization. It also addresses challenges in technology implementation and examines its adaptability to practitioners of varying skill levels. Materials and methods. A systematic literature review (SLR) was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. Scopus served as the primary database, focusing on studies published within the past decade. Inclusion criteria prioritized studies addressing technological innovations in Pencak Silat training, while irrelevant or low-quality studies were excluded. Data were extracted using a standardized form and analyzed thematically to identify trends, challenges, and gaps. Results. The findings highlight significant AR, VR, and sensor technological advancements, demonstrating their effectiveness in enhancing physical and technical performance. However, barriers such as high costs, limited accessibility, and the need for tailored solutions continue to persist. Technology showed varying effectiveness based on athlete competence, with professionals benefiting more from advanced features, while tailored tools proved effective for amateurs. Conclusions. Technology has revolutionized Pencak Silat training, but its integration requires addressing accessibility and adaptation challenges. Future innovations should combine traditional practices with modern advancements to preserve cultural values.