Evaluation of risk factors in patients with calcific aortic valve disease who underwent aortic valve replacement from 2011 to 2021

Background: The incidence of aortic valve diseases, especially valve stenosis, is increasing and this disease is related to various factors. This project aims to determine the risk factors leading to aortic valve replacement by examining the risk factors of the calcified aortic valve. Methods: This study was done retrospectively. The data for all the patients who underwent valve replacement surgery at Seyed Al-Shohdai hospital in Urmia between 2011 and 2021 were taken. The patients who underwent valve replacement due to calcified aortic valve were examined and demographic information was obtained. Patients’ background risk factors including age, sex, body mass index (BMI), smoking status, diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, serum C-reactive protein (CRP) level, serum calcium, and phosphorus levels were extracted from the patients’ files and entered into the checklist. Additionally, echocardiography findings were incorporated into the data, which was then analyzed in SPSS 27 software according to the study’s objectives. Findings: A total of 119 patients were included in our study, of which 78 (65.5%) were men and 41 (34.5%) were women. The average age of the patients was 61 years. The severity of calcified aortic valve stenosis leading to replacement procedure has no significant relationship with gender, high blood pressure, diabetic status, dyslipidemia, and CRP level of patients (P>0.05); however, a significant relationship with age, smoking, BMI, glomerular filtration rate (GFR), serum phosphorus level and serum calcium status of patients was found (P<0.05). Conclusion: In conclusion, based on our findings we observed no significant association between gender and the disease. Notably, we found a significant relationship between patients’ GFR and serum calcium levels and the severity of aortic valve stenosis. We recommend conducting more extensive studies across various hospitals and medical centers to better identify risk factors and highrisk individuals.