Biomarkers of neuroinflammation and microcirculatory dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease: a comprehensive assessment of the pathogenetic and diagnostic role

The aim of the study was to identify laboratory biomarkers of asthma that could be promising for research as diagnostic tools. Materials and methods . 52 patients with asthma and 59 patients in the control group without cognitive impairment were examined, in which the concentration of 103 potential biomarkers in blood plasma (111 people) and CSF (24 people) were studied. Results . Statistically significant differences (p<0.01) in plasma concentrations of 43 biomarkers were obtained in patients with asthma and the control group. In a correlation matrix reflecting the interactions between biomarkers in CSF (17 markers) and in blood plasma (13 markers). Conclusion. Our results indicate a significant role of neuroinflammation, vascular pathology, angiogenesis, and BBB dysfunction in the pathological process occurring in asthma, which were previously confirmed by various researchers. Pathogenetically based plasma biomarkers associated with various links in the pathogenesis of asthma have been identified. Biomarkers of lipid metabolism, such as Apo-A1, Apo-CII in the peripheral bloodstream can be considered as indicators of the vascular-neurodegenerative process. Pro-inflammatory cytokines (IFNa, IFNy, IL-15, IL-1a, IL-8, sTNFR-1, sTNFR-2, IL-12p70 (including its IL-12p40 subunit), IL-17a, sCD 40L, sgp130, IP10, endoglin) and anti-inflammatory biomarkers (G-CSF1, BMP9, complement C 4, D-dimer, EFG1, eotaxin, fractalkine, G-CSF, GM–CSF, GDF-15, IL-1RA, IL-4, MDC, MIP1 β, MIP4, P-selectin, PEDF, sCD 30, sICAM-1, sNCAM-1, sIL-2ra, sIL-4r, TGFa VEGF-C, alpha-1-antitrypsin) in blood plasma, they are promising candidates for future effective diagnostic laboratory biomarkers. The most promising biomarker seems to be interleukin 12 subunit 40 (IL-12p40), due to its increase in the plasma of patients with asthma in contrast to the control group and the greatest number of correlations of its plasma level with other biomarkers in CSF.