Integrated Weed Management in Wheat: Role of Phytoextracts and Biotechnology Approaches

Integrated Weed Management (IWM) in wheat production is essential for sustainable agriculture, aiming to control weed populations while minimizing environmental impact. Traditional weed control methods, such as herbicide use, often lead to the development of herbicide-resistant weed species. To address this issue, IWM incorporates a range of strategies, including cultural, mechanical, biological, and chemical methods. Among these, the use of phytoextracts (plant-derived compounds) and biotechnology approaches has shown great promise in enhancing weed control in wheat fields. Phytoextracts, through mechanisms like allelopathy, inhibition of photosynthesis, and growth regulation, offer a natural alternative to synthetic herbicides by suppressing weed growth and seed germination. Meanwhile, biotechnology approaches, such as the development of herbicide-resistant wheat varieties, molecular breeding for enhanced allelopathy, and the use of microbial biocontrol agents, provide innovative solutions for effective weed management. The synergy between phytoextracts and biotechnological advancements offers a more sustainable, eco-friendly approach to managing weeds in wheat production. This paper discusses the role of phytoextracts and biotechnology in IWM, emphasizing their potential to reduce reliance on chemical herbicides, minimize environmental impact, and promote long-term agricultural sustainability.