Programming the energy landscape of 3D-printed Kresling origami via crease geometry and viscosity

Origami extends beyond intricate paper creations, envisioning revolutionary engineering applications. While 3D printing has simplified fabricating complex structures, Kresling origami remains predominantly paper based due to the challenge of achieving multistable behavior, especially at a small scale. Our study focuses on investigating modifications to the energy landscape induced by changes in crease geometrical parameters, addressing the effects of viscoelasticity in the creases. The latter aspect is investigated using different rubbery materials with varying relaxation moduli. Considering the limitations of manufacturing techniques, we also provide design insights for crease geometry and distribution, along with photopolymers suitable for fabricating both multi- and monomaterial bistable cells, at both micro- and macro- scales. By leveraging 3D printing and overcoming its material and technological constraints, our goal is to contribute to a deeper understanding of the mechanics of 3D printed materials and broaden their applications into new frontiers.