The Fúquene National Geomagnetic Observatory: A journey through its past, present, and future

This paper offers a comprehensive analysis of the Fúquene National Geomagnetic Observatory’s pivotal role in the history of geomagnetic research and its renewed significance in the study of geomagnetism and space weather monitoring. Geomagnetism plays a crucial role in understanding Earth’s magnetic field, its internal dynamics, and its interaction with solar activity, which can impact satellite operations, power grids, and communication systems. A key focus of the document is the recent upgrade of the observatory’s equipment, which has significantly enhanced its ability to detect and analyze geomagnetic phenomena, especially as solar activity intensifies with the approach of Solar Cycle 25’s peak. It also highlights the technical improvements to the observatory’s measurement systems to increase accuracy and data collection frequency, as shown by the detection and monitoring of recent geomagnetic storms triggered by intense solar flares and coronal mass ejections, underscoring Fúquene’s role in providing real-time data during major space weather events. With these upgrades, the observatory is poised to become an integral part of global networks like the International Real-time Magnetic Observatory Network-INTERMAGNET and a key reference for future research on solar-terrestrial interactions. Its enhanced capabilities will significantly advance geomagnetic modeling and space weather forecasting, particularly in regions near the magnetic equator, where the impact of solar activity is a source of increased interest.