Simultaneous atrial fibrillation and sinus rhythm in a heart transplant recipient: ablation guided by novel dispersion analysis: a case report

This case highlights the unique challenges of managing AF in heart transplant recipients, particularly when dual rhythms occur in electrically separate regions of the atria. The application of dispersion analysis, though novel and currently supported by limited evidence in this patient population, provided critical insights that enabled precise ablation. The observation of simultaneous SR and AF during invasive mapping underscores the complex post-surgical anatomy characteristic of heart transplant recipients. Dispersion analysis-guided ablation was successfully performed in a patient with electrically distinct donor and recipient atria, each capable of independently sustaining AF. Further studies are warranted to assess the broader utility of this innovative approach in similar clinical scenarios.