Integration of theories in library and information science (LIS) postgraduate research in Tanzania

Research without a solid theoretical foundation is merely arbitrary data lacking significance. Utilizing a descriptive research design with a content analysis approach, this study assesses the extent to which LIS postgraduate students in Tanzania integrate theories in their research work. The study identified a shift toward increased utilization of theories, particularly for theses and dissertations submitted between 2010 and 2019 followed by a drastic decline post 2020. Significant differences between doctoral and master’s research work were observed with doctoral dissertations more likely to integrate theories than their counterparts. The study reveals dominance of information-seeking theories alongside models like TAM and Diffusion of Innovations in a substantial number of the analyzed documents. Insufficient critical engagement with theories was observed, suggesting that students may not adequately understand the practical significance of theory in shaping their research work. These results highlight the need for LIS curriculum improvements, better mentorship, and a more critical approach to theoretical engagement.