Neurological Consequences of Cardiovascular Diseases: A Retrospective Study

Background & Aims: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are associated with a significant risk of neurological complications, affecting public health, especially in regions such as Saudi Arabia, where the prevalence and impact of these diseases are notably high. The complex interactions between neurological outcomes and CVDs underscore the urgent need for focused research to better understand and manage these conditions. Methods: This retrospective cohort study examined the records of 400 patients from a premier cardiac center in Saudi Arabia, focusing on those treated for CVDs and their subsequent neurological complications. Data were collected from the electronic health records, medical charts, and diagnostic reports. Chi-square tests and logistic regression analyses were applied to explore the associations between CVDs and their treatments and neurological outcomes, controlling for variables such as age and sex. Results: The findings highlight significant associations between specific CVDs and neurological complications. Hypertension and atrial fibrillation were significant predictors of neurological issues, whereas interventions such as stent placement and medications demonstrated protective effects. Sex-based analysis also revealed important differences in disease manifestation. Conclusion: This study confirms that CVDs are potent risk factors for neurological complications, necessitating rigorous screening and cautious therapeutic management, particularly in patients predisposed to neurological issues. These results call for a multidisciplinary approach to treatment and further longitudinal studies to dissect the causative links between cardiovascular interventions and neurological health. This study underscores the critical need for tailored medical strategies to mitigate these risks effectively.