Long-Term Changes in Temperature, Precipitation, and Moisture Conditions in the Kyiv Region: Evidence from the Boryspil Weather Station (1976–2019)

This study focuses on the analysis of data from the meteorological station in Boryspil, Ukraine, for the period from 1976 to 2019, regarding air temperature and precipitation. Long-term monthly and annual trends were established through statistical processing and visualization using time series and graphs. It was found that both global and local air temperature trends demonstrate a steady increase, albeit with a slight slowdown in recent years. Seasonal temperature variations were characterized, showing accelerated warming in spring and summer. The stabilization of minimum temperature values after 2000 was identified, accompanied by an increase in January, March, August, September, and December. Maximum air temperature trends were analyzed, revealing a downward tendency over the last decade, despite pronounced increases in July, August, and September. A contrasting stability in maximum temperature levels from January to March was established. The average annual precipitation in Boryspil was estimated at 566.2 mm, with a monthly rate of approximately 47.2 mm and an average of 194 days with precipitation per year. The precipitation distribution was characterized as relatively stable throughout the observation period, despite periodic extremes. Moisture conditions were assessed using Ivanov’s humidity coefficient and Selyaninov’s hydrothermal coefficient, calculated based on the ratio of annual precipitation to evaporation and the sum of precipitation and active temperatures. A steady negative trend in the humidity coefficient was identified, indicating a transition from excessive to insufficient moisture. A deterioration in moisture conditions was determined, particularly after 2003, based on the dynamics of the hydrothermal coefficient. A correlation analysis was conducted, revealing a statistically significant relationship between the hydrothermal coefficient, the humidity coefficient, and key climatic indicators such as average air temperature and relative humidity. The maximum correlation values were found between the humidity coefficient and average air temperature (r = -0.72) and relative humidity (r = 0.83). It was confirmed that the impacts of global warming manifest at the local level through alterations in thermal regimes and precipitation patterns, influencing agricultural practices and economic sectors. The urgent need for climate research was emphasized to ensure effective monitoring and adaptive responses to climate change. It was highlighted that understanding local manifestations of global climate trends facilitates proactive adaptation measures.