Pattern of Morbidity and Mortality in a Neonatal Unit of a Private Paediatric Health Facility in Southern Nigeria

Background: The neonatal period is a critical time for child survival as the risk of death is very high. This study was done to determine the pattern of neonatal morbidity and mortality in a private paediatric health facility in Nigeria. Methods: A prospective study was carried out over one year from June 2023 to May 2024. Result: Of 175 neonates admitted, males predominated 114(65.1%). Most were admitted within the 1st 3 days of life 93(53.1%), had normal birth weights 103(58.9%) with mean gestational age of 35.51 ± 4.75weeks. The commonest morbidity observed were neonatal jaundice 93(57.1%), probable neonatal sepsis 93(57.1%) and prematurity 44(27.0%). There were 7 deaths (mortality rate of 4.0%), commonest causes were neonatal sepsis, severe anaemia and hypoglycaemia. Morbidities with the highest case fatality rates were severe anaemia (10.7%) hypoglycaemia (9.5%) and congenital heart disease (8.3%). Neonatal jaundice, low birth weight and respiratory distress syndrome were significantly associated with gestational age <37weeks (P value 0.002, <0.001, <0.001, respectively) while perinatal asphyxia was significantly associated with neonates of gestational age >37weeks (P value 0.047). Birth weight was significantly associated with survival, P value = 0.049. Conclusion: There was male predominance among admitted neonates with commonest morbidities being neonatal jaundice, neonatal sepsis and prematurity. Mortality rate was 4%, commonest causes were preventable; neonatal sepsis, severe anaemia and hypoglycaemia. Thus, improved obstetric and neonatal care through antenatal care, provision of adequate & quality health care personnel, technological advancement, appropriate/timely referral of sick neonates with adequate transportation would improve neonatal outcomes. Keywords: Pattern, Morbidity, Mortality, Neonatal unit, Nigeria