Simultaneous Vortex‐ and Non‐Vortex‐Based Transmission

ABSTRACT This paper proposes simultaneous vortex and nonvortex‐based transmission (SVNT) aimed at increasing capacity by serving multiple users (UEs) (new and legacy). The system model describes a cell with a base station (BS) that supports new UEs (NUEs) and legacy UEs (LUEs) to maintain backward compatibility. Geometrical transceivers for uniform circular array (UCA) and uniform rectangular array (URA) are utilized to derive channel models. Moreover, the modified Bessel function is applied to ensure an equitable divergence effect in vortex‐based transmission (VT). Furthermore, we present three scenarios featuring three different antenna types. The numerical results are demonstrated and validated in terms of average capacity (AC), outage probability (OP), and throughput.