Analyzing Coupled Delayed Fractional Systems: Theoretical Insights and Numerical Approaches

In this work, we investigate the theoretical properties of a generalized coupled system of finite-delay fractional differential equations involving Caputo derivatives. We establish rigorous criteria to ensure the existence and uniqueness of solutions under appropriate assumptions on the problem parameters and constituent functions, employing contraction mapping principles and Schauder’s fixed-point theorem. Then, we examine the Ulam–Hyers stability of the proposed system. To illustrate the main findings, three examples are provided. Moreover, we provide numerical solutions using the Adams–Bashforth–Moulton method. The practical significance of our results is demonstrated through illustrative examples, highlighting applications in predator–prey dynamics and control systems.