3D Interlaced Biomimetic Wedge Structures for Efficient Fog Harvesting

The wedge-shaped leaves of the Araucaria heterophylla, arranged alternately in space, exhibit exceptional liquid discharge capabilities under capillary force. Drawing inspiration from this natural design, a 3D interlaced biomimetic wedge structure is developed. The structure undergoes optimization via mechanical analysis, resulting in the ideal inclination angle for the wedge structure, the effective wetting gradient distribution, and the optimal angle for the wedge. This allows the structure to collect water 11.48 times more than the control group (unprocessed flat plate). Two key factors contribute to this outcome. First, the 3D interlaced structure and Janus membrane wetting gradient cause rapid droplet jump to the rear of adjacent wedges. Second, optimizing the wedge structure's aspect ratio enhances geometric driving force over a long-range, enabling quick droplet migration to the structure's front root area. Notably, the obtained wedge angle closely resembles that of Araucaria heterophylla leaves, further validating the accuracy of the theoretical analysis. Furthermore, the device maintains its high water collection efficiency despite fluctuating fog conditions, abrasive effects from wind and sand, and prolonged usage, making it ideally suited for deployment in arid regions, where it reliably supplies a stable water source for agricultural irrigation and domestic needs.