Investigation of the presence of <i>Candida auris</i> and other <i>Candida</i> species in marine waters

Marine recreational waters harbor various microorganisms that may pose health risks to users. However, fungal contamination, particularly by <i>Candida</i> species, has received limited attention despite evidence of their presence and potential health concerns. This study aimed to assess the microbial quality of water at five popular recreational beaches along the Persian Gulf, with a specific focus on <i>Candida</i> species. Fecal indicator bacteria (FIB), including <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Enterococci</i>, were enumerated in marine water samples. Additionally, the presence of <i>Candida auris</i> and other clinically relevant <i>Candida</i> spp. as well as <i>Meyerozyma guilliermondii</i> was investigated using nested, multiplex, and conventional PCR assays, respectively. FIB were highly prevalent across most of the sampling locations. Additionally, <i>C. albicans, C. tropicalis, C. glabrata, C. krusei</i>, and <i>M. guilliermondii</i> were detected in a few samples. <i>C. albicans</i> specifically found at locations with high FIB concentrations, suggesting an association with anthropogenic activities. However, <i>C. auris</i> was not detected in this study. The presence of <i>Candida</i> spp. in recreational waters suggests a potential public health risk. These findings highlight the importance of further monitoring for fungal contamination to protect public health and guide future water quality management policies.