Fast Nonlinear Damping Identification Method to Determine Size, Mass, and Charge of <i>Lycopodium clavatum</i> Spores in a Paul Trap

In the present work, we have first applied the fast nonlinear damping identification (NDI) method to nondestructively and simultaneously determine the values of mass, size, and charge of biological micro-objects trapped in a quadrupole Paul trap. Here, we used well-studied Lycopodium clavatum individual spores as a test object. For the nondestructive determination of spore parameters, we analyzed their extended orbit trajectory implemented in the nonlinear regime of viscous friction while trapping in a quadrupole Paul trap. The article discusses the prospects of the method proposed for investigating a wide class of biological objects.