Feasibility of Electric Propulsion Systems for Light Aircraft: Performance, Cost Efficiency, And Sustainability in Tropical Climates

As the aviation sector accelerates toward decarbonization, electric propulsion systems have emerged as a promising alternative, particularly for short-haul and regional flights. However, limited empirical data exists on their performance in tropical environments, where high temperatures and humidity pose unique operational challenges. This study evaluates the feasibility of electric propulsion systems for light aircraft in tropical climates through a meta-analysis of 17 high-quality peer-reviewed studies and supplemental secondary data sources. A random-effects model was used to generate pooled estimates for performance (range, energy consumption, charging time), cost (total cost of ownership, maintenance frequency), and environmental durability (battery degradation, corrosion risk). The findings indicate a pooled average range of 213 km, energy consumption of 0.85 kWh/km, and an average charge time of 2.8 hours. Cost metrics show a mean total ownership cost of USD 415,000 and a reduced operating cost of USD 85/hr. However, performance was found to vary under tropical conditions, with battery degradation rates increasing significantly at temperatures above 35°C and higher corrosion risks reported in coastal deployments. The study concludes that electric propulsion is technically and economically feasible for tropical short-haul aviation, but climate-specific adaptations such as improved battery thermal management and infrastructure are essential. Recommendations include regulatory development, strategic infrastructure investment, and localized research to support implementation. These insights are particularly relevant for countries like the Philippines, where electrified regional aviation could contribute to Sustainable Development Goal 13: Climate Action.