The Effect of Plant-Based Diets on Insulin Sensitivity in Prediabetic Adults

Prediabetes is a precursor to Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and represents a significant public health concern due to its rising global prevalence and associated complications, including cardiovascular disease and neuropathy. Insulin sensitivity, often impaired in prediabetic individuals, is a key therapeutic target in preventing the progression to T2DM. Plant-based diets, which prioritize foods like fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and legumes while minimizing animal products, have been shown to improve insulin sensitivity through multiple mechanisms, including dietary fiber, anti-inflammatory properties, and gut microbiota modulation. Clinical studies indicate that plant-based diets significantly enhance insulin sensitivity and glycemic control, offering a promising approach to managing prediabetes. This review explored the mechanisms by which plant-based diets improve metabolic health, including weight management, low glycemic load, and the reduction of advanced glycation end products. It also discussed the challenges in implementing these diets, such as ensuring nutritional adequacy and addressing cultural preferences. Our methodology involved a comprehensive review of current clinical trials, observational studies, and mechanistic research, aiming to synthesize the most recent evidence on the effect of plant-based diets on insulin sensitivity in prediabetic adults. This review concluded that plant-based diets offer a feasible and effective strategy for preventing the progression from prediabetes to T2DM when carefully implemented within clinical and public health frameworks. Keywords: Plant-based diets, Insulin sensitivity, Prediabetes, Metabolic health, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM).