Enhanced Beam Focusing in Two-Dimensional Leaky-Wave Antennas Through Phase Modulation Metasurface for Satellite Communication Systems

This paper presents an investigation into the near-field phase distribution of a two-dimensional (2D) leaky-wave (LW) antenna enhanced by a phase modulation metasurface (PMM). A single-layer PMM, operating at 11 GHz, is meticulously designed to match the frequency of the 2D LW antenna. Based on the Huygens principle, the PMM is asymmetrically printed on both sides of a dielectric substrate, effectively addressing phase errors across the antenna aperture. This configuration yields a significant improvement in the near-field phase uniformity, enhancing the antenna’s overall performance. The proposed design achieves a far-field peak directivity of 19 dBi and an aperture efficiency of 55%, demonstrating the potential of phase modulation metasurfaces in optimizing beam focusing for 2D leaky-wave antennas.