Advances in Vertical Farming: The Role of Artificial Intelligence and Automation in Sustainable Agriculture

Vertical farming has emerged as a sustainable agricultural method, resolving the issues of land scarcity, environmental consequences, and food security in urban and highly populated areas. The inclusion of artificial intelligence (AI) and automation into vertical farming systems improves their efficiency, production, and adaptability. The study highlights recent breakthroughs in AI-driven systems, spanning data analytics, predictive modeling, and autonomous control, which enhance critical parameters such as light, temperature, humidity, and nutrient delivery. Significant advancements in agricultural automation, including robotic technologies for planting, monitoring, and harvesting, are emphasized for their capacity to decrease labor expenses and enhance yield accuracy. Further, research evaluates the environmental effect, scalability, and practicality of automated vertical farming systems, examining the contribution of renewable energy and optimal use of resources to the development of resilient food production methods. This discussion addresses future directions and issues seeking to shed light on how AI and automation are shifting vertical farming into an important aspect of sustainable agriculture.