TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH COMPLETE ABSENCE OF TEETH AND ASSESSMENT OF THE QUALITY OF PROSTHETIC RESULTS

Background. High-quality treatment of patients with complete absence of teeth has been and remains one of the most important and insufficiently solved problems of prosthetic dentistry. This is due to some disadvantages of the base materials. Acrylic plastics are one of the most widely used materials for the manufacture of complete removable dentures in the clinic of prosthetic dentistry. In recent years, orthopedic dentists have increasingly resorted to the use of acrylic-free thermoplastic base materials for the manufacture of complete removable dentures. Aim of the study is to evaluate the quality of treatment of patients with complete absence of teeth with removable dentures made of different base materials according to electromyography. Materials and methods. In our study, such base materials as acrylic copolymer "Ftorax" (Ukraine) and nylon-based thermoplastic material "Vertex ThermoSens" (Netherlands) were used for the manufacture of complete dentures. Prosthetics were performed on 40 patients with complete absence of teeth who had been wearing complete dentures for the last 4-5 years. New complete dentures were made of thermoplastic base material "Vertex ThermoSens" for 20 patients and acrylic base material "Ftorax" for 20 patients. The quality of the new dentures was assessed using electromyography of the masticatory muscles. Results. Based on quantitative analysis and statistical processing of the data, it can be said that the amplitude of compression during voluntary compression decreased to 189.92±5.17 μV and to 202.12±6.05 μV during voluntary chewing before orthopedic treatment (with old dentures), which is significantly different from the control group. With regard to the assessment of the coefficient "K" (integral indicator of electromyography), which in patients with intact dentition is as close to one as possible, its value in patients before prosthetics more than doubled and amounted to 2.33±0.08. After prosthetics, the amplitude of compression during voluntary compression and voluntary chewing increases over time compared to the results before orthopedic treatment, and the coefficient "K" is close to one. The best results are observed in patients of the first clinical group, whose dentures were made of thermoplastic base material "Vertex ThermoSens". Conclusions. Based on the results of our work in the clinic of orthopedic dentistry, it is noted that in the manufacture of prostheses made of thermoplastic base materials, in particular Vertex ThermoSens, better fixation and stabilization of structures is observed than in prostheses made of acrylic materials. This is evidenced by the data of electromyographic studies in the long-term follow-up.